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无废话C#设计模式之十一:Composite

来源: 作者: 添加日期:2007-12-2 10:36:25 点击次数:

意图

 

       将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。Composite模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。

 

场景

 

我们知道,一个网络游戏通常会有多个游戏大区。每一个游戏大区会有很多游戏服务器(一个游戏大区就是一组游戏服务器)。每一个游戏服务器上会有不同的服务(可以是多个服务)。这是一个明显的部分-整体关系,假设我们现在需要制作一个服务器管理工具,用于显示所有大区、服务器以及服务的信息,并且能开启这些服务(可以是单独开启一个服务,也可以是开启整个服务器上的所有服务,也可以是开启整个大区的所有服务)。

可以看到,游戏服务器和游戏大区都是一个组合对象,而游戏服务是最底层的节点。客户端在开启一个游戏大区服务的时候,必须和游戏服务器以及游戏服务进行依赖,而在开启游戏服务器上所有服务的时候,必须和游戏服务进行依赖。试想一下,如果一个公司的总裁在管理上不但需要和各总监以及经理进行沟通,还有和底层的员工沟通,那么总裁是不是会太忙碌了一点?由此,我们引入组合模式,使组合对象和单个对象具有一样的表现形式。

 

示例代码

 

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

 

namespace CompositeExample

{

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            Element server1 = new GameServer("GS1", "192.168.0.1");

            server1.Add(new GameService("Lobby1", 1, "S5Lobby1"));

            server1.Add(new GameService("Gate1", 2, "S5Gate1"));

            server1.Add(new GameService("DataExchange1", 3, "S5DataExchange1"));

            server1.Add(new GameService("Rank1", 4, "S5Rank1"));

            server1.Add(new GameService("Log1", 5, "S5Log1"));

            Element server2 = new GameServer("GS2", "192.168.0.2");

            server2.Add(new GameService("Lobby2", 1, "S5Lobby2"));

            server2.Add(new GameService("Gate2", 2, "S5Gate2"));

            server2.Add(new GameService("DataExchange2", 3, "S5DataExchange1"));

            server2.Add(new GameService("Rank2", 4, "S5Rank2"));

            server2.Add(new GameService("Log2", 5, "S5Log2"));

            Element area = new GameArea("电信区");

            area.Add(server1);

            area.Add(server2);

            area.Display();

            area.Start();

            area.Stop();

        }

    }

 

    abstract class Element

    {

        protected string name;

 

        public Element(string name)

        {

            this.name = name;

        }

 

        public abstract void Add(Element element);

        public abstract void Remove(Element element);

        public abstract void Display();

        public abstract void Start();

        public abstract void Stop();

    }

 

    class GameService : Element, IComparable<GameService>

    {

        private int serviceType;

        private string serviceName;

 

        public GameService(string name, int serviceType, string serviceName)

            : base (name)

        {

            this.serviceName = serviceName;

            this.serviceType = serviceType;

        }

 

        public override void Add(Element element)

        {

            throw new ApplicationException("xxx");

        }

 

        public override void Remove(Element element)

        {

            throw new ApplicationException("xxx");

        }

 

        public override void Display()

        {

            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("name:{0},serviceType:{1},serviceName:{2}", name, serviceType, serviceName));

        }

 

        public override void Start()

        {

            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} started", name));

        }

 

        public override void Stop()

        {

            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} stopped", name));

        }

 

        public int CompareTo(GameService other)

        {

            return other.serviceType.CompareTo(serviceType);

        }

    }

 

    class GameServer : Element

    {

        private string serverIP;

        private List<GameService> serviceList = new List<GameService>();

 

        public GameServer(string name, string serverIP)

            : base(name)

        {

           

            this.serverIP = serverIP;

        }

       

        public override void Add(Element element)

        {

            serviceList.Add((GameService)element);

        }

 

        public override void Remove(Element element)

        {

            serviceList.Remove((GameService)element);

        }

 

        public override void Display()

        {

            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}{1}({2}){3}", new string('+', 10), name, serverIP, new string('+', 10)));

            foreach (Element element in serviceList)

            {

                element.Display();

            }

        }

 

        public override void Start()

        {

            serviceList.Sort();

            Console.WriteLine("=============Starting the whole " + name + "=============");

            for (int i = 0; i < serviceList.Count; i++ )

            {

                serviceList[i].Start();

            }

            Console.WriteLine("=============The whole " + name + " started=============");

        }

 

        public override void Stop()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("=============Stopping the whole " + name + "=============");

            for (int i = serviceList.Count -1; i >= 0; i--)

            {

                serviceList[i].Stop();

            }

            Console.WriteLine("=============The whole " + name + " stopped=============");

        }

    }

 

    class GameArea : Element

    {

        private List<GameServer> serverList = new List<GameServer>();

 

        public GameArea(string name)

            : base(name) { }

 

        public override void Add(Element element)

        {

            serverList.Add((GameServer)element);

        }

 

        public override void Remove(Element element)

        {

            serverList.Remove((GameServer)element);

        }

 

        public override void Display()

        {

            Console.WriteLine(new string('=',20));

            Console.WriteLine("       " + name);

            Console.WriteLine(new string('=', 20));

            foreach (Element element